This structure served the Birmingham community as one of seven militia district court-houses in Milton County. Rolls were maintained of eligible males between the ages of 15 and 50 who could be called up in times of emergency. The Courthouse also served as the local polling place. Trials were held here monthly before a Justice of the Peace and jury. Trials continued until 1932 when Milton merged with Fulton County. John L. Nix was the last Justice of the Peace, serving the court into the 1950s. Voting continued here into the 1960s.